Juvenile Justice Authority Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Adolescent Justice Authority - Essay Example They have their own courts and their own restoration communities (Fisher 2000). Gies (2001) noticed that, the adolescent courts work as per the reason that the youngsters are not the same as the grown-ups regarding obligations and restoration. Treatment and fruitful reintegration of the adolescents in to the general public are the principle point of the adolescent equity authority. Under government law, all youngsters between the age of ten and eighteen are considered as adolescent. However, each state figure out who is to taken to the adolescent court. Cases can be moved from criminal courts to adolescent court, contingent upon the offense perpetrated. At the point when a youngster is attempted in a criminal court the person in question is as yet viewed as a kid, and he might be treated as an adolescent wrongdoer. This makes the procedure a shut hearing not at all like a grown-up who will be given a formal proceeding. All the states, do permit youngsters to be attempted as grown-ups in a criminal court depending with the wrongdoing carried out, Some states avoid genuine, perpetrated wrongdoing from adolescent courts paying little heed to the childs age. The investigators settle on whether to locate a criminal offense in a criminal court or taken to the adolescent framework. Then again, the adolescent court may arrange the youngster to criminal court. In the adolescent equity, the adolescent is given protections, much the same as the grown-up criminal. This incorporates the privilege to preliminary, the privilege against self preservation and the option to call an observer. In many states the adolescent there are no juries, and they not request a bail. The adolescent court has been seen by the young who went through it as a gatekeeper that models singular characters and the court planned for accommodating the child’s singular interests when settling on choices on the wrongdoing submitted (Ryan 2001). The procedure by which a chid experiences after a time of restriction has numerous names like after consideration administrations, reintegration administrations, transitional consideration and adolescent administrations. The procedure of

Strategic Cost Management Taylors Wines Case

Question: Examine about the Strategic Cost Management for Taylors Wines Case. Answer: Presentation Taylors Wines was built up in 1969 by Mitchell Taylor among other relatives and are one of the biggest family possessed winery in Australia. Taylors Wines produce different items, for example, Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz (Grant et al., 2015). The organization is situated in the Clare Valley of South Australia and has been encountering gigantic development in income, extension, and size. For example, the companys tasks have extended to other worldwide markets, for example, the U.S with activities in San Francisco and New York. The organization significantly works in the Australian wine industry that has more than 2,400 winemaking firms that are in dynamic help. Along these lines, report investigations Taylors wines advertise systems transcendently in the Australian wine industry. Moreover, the report analyzes the outer condition dependent on PESTEL and Porters five model examinations. Likewise, the report recognizes Taylors wine dynamic abilities, and afterward the companys current situation in the Industry and chief markets are inspected thereof. In conclusion, the report investigates different chances and dangers confronting the Australian Wine Industry combined with practical systems that can assist Taylors with wining to continue its serious edge. The Australia government have acquainted prohibitive beverage driving standards with check wine dependence. Additionally, the administration has included volumetric liquor charge (higher assessments for wine) further disturbing creations in the business (Aylward, 2004). Besides, the administration, in organization with other social gatherings have acquainted training educational plan with sharpen the Australian culture on the impacts of over the top liquor utilization on close to home wellbeing. Fluctuating trade rates have in the past essentially distraught the vast majority of the Australian makers. For instance, the high estimation of Australian dollar has made the nearby wine's market to be alluring to imports particularly the French champagne further expanding serious power in the business (Bruwer, 2002). The expansion in discretionary cashflow among Australian family units because of expanding per capita salary have likewise energized wine utilization. Most Australians shows a solid inclination for nearby items in the Australian Wines industry. A few people in Australia likewise see wine utilization as advanced and stylish further moving the expansion in wine utilization (Chong, 2014). The expansion cultural worries on the impacts of wines and liquor in the Australian culture have additionally influenced tasks in the business. The fluctuating climatic and climate examples, for example, hotter normal temperatures have fundamentally influenced the development of grapes in Australia (Galbreath, Charles, and Oczkowski, 2016). Accordingly, most grape cultivators have turned to water system cultivating to build the volume of creation further expanding water utilization. The danger presented by new section into the Australian Wines industry is generally little. This is on the grounds that beginning a winery doesn't require huge sum assets for starting capital speculations. In addition, the vast majority of the wineries in the Australian Wines industry are unobtrusive family-possessed firms, and sell a large portion of their items locally (Chong, 2014). Danger of New Substitutes Products and Services The danger of substitute items in the Australian Wines industry is high. This is on the grounds that, in the Australian Wines industry, many substitute items can supplant wine. For instance, heavy drinker and sodas, for example, espresso, tea, and organic product juices would all be able to fill in various ways (Bruwer, 2002). A portion of the imported items, for example, the French champagne can without much of a stretch supplant the Australian wines. Due to numerous adversaries (more than 2,400 firms) in the Australian Wines industry, the likely customers have incredible other options. This can be credited to low exchanging cost related with changing starting with one firm then onto the next. All things considered, shoppers in the business can without much of a stretch change to less expensive brands that are of comparable quality (Chong, 2014). Most Australian wine customers are pulled in to quality wine items that are generally modest further clarifying the higher purchasers dealing power. Strikingly, firms in the Australian Wines industry must put more accentuation on supporting low costs, top notch items, and quality administrations. The haggling intensity of providers The haggling of providers in the Australian Wines industry is low. This can be credited to the presence of numerous grape producers in Australia are contracted to significant wineries (Grant et al., 2015). The high number of providers in the business infer that grape producers must endeavor to hold their authoritative relationship with the wineries. Additionally, the wineries can rapidly change faithfulness to other grape cultivators who have genuine legally binding terms and more excellent items. Market rivalry Market rivalry from neighborhood and global organizations working in the Australian Wines industry is extremely high. This is on the grounds that there are around 2,400 organizations that are contending in the business (Grant et al., 2015). These opponents incorporate Taylors wines, Accolade, Private Label, McWilliamss and Fine Wine siblings. Likewise, rivalry from other wine creating nations, for example, Chile, South Africa and Argentine who give comparative quality at moderately costs have additionally expanded serious contention in the business. Taylors Wine abilities One of the companys dynamic capacities is the creation of one of a kind items, for example, Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz that are intrinsically viewed as the industrys best wines. This has given Taylors wine a one of a kind serious edge in the division because of its consistent item advancement and improvement limit (Aylward, Glynn, and Gibson, 2006). Indeed, the organization was perceived as a 5-star winery dependent on wine rating by James Halli-attempt. The assessment distinguished the companys predominant bundling creation, advertising, and circulation forms as one of a kind in the business contrasted with those of market contenders. The organization has supported its creation of value marked wines winning it client grants, for example, the 2011 Woolworths provider of the year grant in the liquor class (Grant et al., 2015). The organization additionally have prevalent local deals and promoting administrations because of their customized client administrations, and the capacity to meet explicit client inclinations. Taylors Wines current situation in the Industry and distinguish the key markets it works inside Presently, Taylors Wine is additionally probably the biggest australia wine creation and sending out organizations on the planet. Prominently, Australian wine industry has a 8% control of the worldwide piece of the overall industry of wine business (Grant et al., 2015). This can be ascribed to the low costs charged on Australian wines sent out to different nations. The greater part of the countrys wines are sent out to the UK, U.S, a few pieces of Europe, Canada and China which shapes the companys key markets. Openings and dangers for the Australian Wine Industry and Taylors Wines specifically Openings Increment in extra cash among Australian families Solid inclination for nearby items Expanded inclination for quality marked wines Numerous grape cultivators Higher rating in the worldwide wines industry Dangers Expanded government tax assessment Fluctuating climatic and climate designs Fluctuating trade rates Exceptional serious contention Expanded cultural worries on the impacts of wines and liquor Three suitable systems for Taylors Wines to make the jump from Good to Great.' Taylors Wines ought to consider executing a cost administration technique in the Australian wines industry to continue and improve its serious edge in the worldwide and nearby wine's market. This is in light of the danger of extraordinary serious competition in the Australian wines industry. Taylors Wines ought to likewise focus on broadening its wines items to fulfill different customer inclinations. This will require expanded item advancement and worth expansion through fantastic bundling and protection of its different items. Finally, Taylors Wines ought to grow its activities to incorporate different brands of non-liquor items. This empower the organization to completely fulfill its different clients' inclinations better and extend its piece of the pie. Reference Aylward, D. (2004) Innovationexport linkages inside various group models: a contextual analysis from the Australian wine industry, Prometheus,22(4), pp.423-437. Aylward, D., Glynn, J. furthermore, Gibson, B. (2006) SME development inside the Australian wine industry: A bunch investigation, Small Enterprise Research,14(1), pp.42-54. Bruwer, J. (2002) The significance and job of the winery basement entryway in the Australian wine industry: a few points of view, Australian and New Zealand grapegrower and winemaker, (463), p.96. Chong, S. (2014) Business process the board for SMEs: an exploratory investigation of usage factors for the Australian wine industry, Journal of Information Systems and Small Business,1(1-2), pp.41-58. Galbreath, J., Charles, D. what's more, Oczkowski, E. (2016) The drivers of environmental change developments: proof from the Australian wine industry, Journal of Business Ethics,135(2), pp.217-231. Golicic, S.L., Golicic, S.L., Flint, D.J., Flint, D.J., Signori, P. what's more, Signori, P. (2017) Building business manageability through strength in the wine business, International Journal of Wine Business Research,29(1), pp.74-97. Award, B., Mounter, S., Fleming, E., Griffith, G. what's more, Villano, R. (2015) The Australian wine industry at the intersection: An examination of execution across significant wine-sending out nations in 2000, Australasian Journal of Regional Studies,21(1), p.3. Hussain, M., Cholette, S. furthermore, Castaldi, R.M. (2008) An investigation of globalization powers in the wine business: suggestions and proposals for wineries, Journal of Global Marketing,21(1), pp.33-47.

Whats new

What’s new Happy New Year, everyone! As much as I loved the MIT gym, I don’t want my last entry on the MIT Admissions website to be about the Z Center. So I am following Mollie’s lead and posting an update on my life after MIT, or should I say my hiatus from MIT (I will be returning to the joint Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology program to get an MD-PhD.) For those of you who are new to the blogs, I graduated in June 2008 with a degree in Mechanical Engineering with Biomedical Engineering (Course 2A). After spending a summer traveling with friends and working at the NIH, I packed up my bags and skipped across the pond to Oxford University in England. I am reading for a Masters degree in Integrated Immunology and enjoying my time at a university that is very, very different from our beloved Institute. These differences are too numerous to cover in this blog entry, but I’ll try to touch on some of the surprising/quirky ones. 1) Accommodations What does “new” mean to you? The MIT dorm called New House opened in 1975. This makes it older than me but younger than my parents, so Id consider the designation as “new” to be warranted. Now consider New College in Oxford, which is 620 years old and gets its name from the fact that it came after Oriel College (founded in 1324.) It’s all relative! At MIT, I lived in Next House for my first two years and Baker House for my last two. I was utterly spoiled with gorgeous river views in both dorms. At Oxford I live in Oriel College and the front quad (pictured below) was built in the 1620s, back when Cambridge, MA was just called “Newe Towne.” Maybe people should stop naming things “New 2) Classes I’m really enjoying my immunology program. For a taste of the subject, check out the book “How the Immune System Works” by Lauren Sompayrac; it’s very clear and simple. The intricacies of the immune system will astound you, I guarantee it. For example, the body has evolved a beautiful system to “deliver” white blood cells to the right part of the body at the right time. It works just like the postal system, where an address ensures the delivery of a letter to the right mailbox. White blood cells carry a unique pattern of receptors and proteins on their surface that enables them to exit the bloodstream and enter infected tissues. This cellular delivery system is at work all day, every day to keep you healthy! My program has at least three hours of lecture every day and the lectures are taught by experts in the field who come from all over the United Kingdom. There are 18 of us in the program and we’re together all day, every day! This is very different from the typical undergraduate schedule at MIT, where I had at least four different classes, usually in completely different fields. Also as an undergrad I had a UROP every semester, so I constantly juggled classes with lab work. Unfortunately I’m in a taught Masters program now where we’re not supposed to do research until the third term (April-July). I miss the lab and all the excitement that comes with it. 3) Formality and traditions At MIT, you’re likely to see people taking exams in pajamas after rolling out of bed, or possibly after spending all night in the library. Oxford makes you adhere to a dress code for exams, matriculation, and formal hall (which is just a formal 3-course dinner served in your colleges dining hall. Not all colleges have them, but mine offers one every night for three pounds, or about $6!) What is the uniform? For women: a white dress shirt, black skirt or pants, black ribbon thats tied around your neck, black gown (for graduate students the gown does not have sleeves and it has these funny tassels), black shoes, and black tights (a girl was almost not allowed to matriculate because she wore nude tights.) For men, “sub fusc” attire consists of a tuxedo and white bowtie. Here’s a picture from our Matriculation, which is a ceremony after the first week of classes where you officially become a member of Oxford. The MIT equivalent occurs during Freshman Convocation, when President H ockfield gives a speech welcoming you to MIT. 4) Social life Parties at Oxford are called “bops” and often have a theme, like “Back to School”, “When I Grow Up” or even “Fratparty.” People take the themes pretty seriously and dress accordingly. Each college also has common rooms for undergraduates and graduates, where people regularly hang out and relax. A big difference between the US and the UK is the drinking age, so much of the social life revolves around the many pubs of Oxford. The pubs in Oxford each proudly display portraits and plaques commemorating the famous people that have had a pint there. The Eagle and Child was the meeting place of J.R.R. Tolkien and C.S. Lewis’s writers’ group called the Inklings, and the Turf Tavern was a favorite hangout spot of Bill Clinton and Australian Prime Minister Bob Hawke. 5) Location, location, location Oxford is in the middle of England, which makes it really easy to take weekend trips to London, other cities in the UK, and even Paris and Brussels, which are both less than three hours away from London by train. My course is intense so I haven’t had too much time to venture out of Oxford, but the few occasions where I have traveled were great. In November I went to Cardiff, the capital of Wales, on the same day that the highly anticipated Wales vs. Australia rugby game was being played in the Cardiff stadium. The streets were filled with fans sporting red rugby shirts and painted faces. We watched part of the game and skipped the second half to visit the Cardiff Castle, which was closed earlier in the day due to a bomb threat! That’s basically my life on the other side of the Atlantic. Many aspects are the same as MIT (going to class, attending seminars by prominent scientists, enjoying the company of friends), but the differences help me to appreciate my experiences at both places even more. I have come to appreciate the fact that MIT is a place of innumerable opportunities. Looking back, I am so thankful for all of the activities that I was involved with, the variety and quality of classes that were available, the labs that welcomed UROPs with open arms, the friends that worked hard and played hard by my side, and the professors who pushed us to our limits. It’s surely not easy to drink from the fire hose, especially right before Thanksgiving and Spring Break when deadlines pile up, sleep takes a backseat, and you spend your entire TechCash balance on coffee and candy at the convenience store in the Student Center. Yes, it’s necessary to make sacrifices (people like to say that you have three optio ns: study, sleep, and socialize…pick two) but ultimately MIT will help you to achieve more than you imagined yourself capable of. For all of you fretting about submitting your applications, good luck!

Marketing and Nike - 1110 Words

Kotler Keller: Marketing Management /page: 51-52 / Marketing Excellence / Nike Question 1: What are the pros, cons and risks associated with Nike’s core marketing strategy ? We can evaluate Nike’s core marketing strategy as related them to the relevant marketing theories. First of them is distribution theory. Nike distributes its products on different level basis. The high quality products are given to a certain distributers while the low price to be sold at highly discounted price at the retail stores such as Wal-Mart. Nike has also become the leader in the e-commerce by being the first to the market whit its e-commerce website. This program represents the first time a company has offered mass footwear through the internet and provides†¦show more content†¦There is intense competition faced by Nike. Their competitors are Adidas, Reebok, Puma, and so forth, whilst competition is tighter with the coming of Adidas. More, the product line is slightly different between Nike and Adidas. Nike faces many risks when they use their core marketing strategies to achieve their goals and these risks can come from both internally and externally environment. The risks will have a negative influence about Nikes future development. Nike needs to stay on the top of changes in consumer taste and preferences as evidenced by changes in fashion. So Nike face the risk that fashion trends may change so fast that Nike fails to follow. If Nike cannot follow the fitness trends in the market they will face risks of losing market shares. To compete with this risks and problems, Nike should position it as a trendsetter and not a trend follower and be responsible to their customers. The global trends are to be fashion and personality. So Nike change its marketing strategies and products design to become more fashion and focus on the youth consumers. It brings risks to Nike because in the traditional mind of customers, they consider Nike only sell the athletic products. The fashion or the changing style products is unimaginative for customers to p urchase. Not all the customers can follow the changing of Nike. Therefore, Nike should analyse the market and customers preference as well as customersShow MoreRelatedNike Direct Marketing : Nike1428 Words   |  6 Pages2014 Nike Direct Marketing Nike, Inc. has been the world’s leading innovator and provider in athletic footwear, apparel, equipment and accessories for 50 years. Their mission has been to bring inspiration and innovation to every athlete in the world; if you have a body, you are an athlete. Arguably one of the most innovative companies in the world, Nike has built its brand into an iconic world-class powerhouse that continues to dominate the market with no signs of slowing up. Nike’s marketing andRead MoreNIke Marketing2781 Words   |  12 Pagesï » ¿1. Introduction Nike Inc. is a global sportswear manufacturer with about $25 billion sales revenues in fiscal 2013. Nike is clearly a market leader of sport footwear compare with Adidas, Puma, New Balance and others. The global athletic footwear market share of Nike is estimated almost 20% in 2012. The U.S represents the biggest market for Nike, with nearly 60% of market share in 2013 (Powell, 2014; Team, 2014). The marketing plan is important for Nike understands the market environment andRead MoreNike s Marketing Plan For Nike Essay962 Words   |  4 PagesFounded January 25, 1967, NIKE, Inc. (About Nike, 2016) became one of the biggest designing and marketing companies across the globe. A designer and marketer, Nike sells athletic footwear, apparel, equipment and accessories for men, women and children/infants. The company has three major brands as found on their product portfolio: NIKE, Jordan, Hurley and Converse. Their product is sold through-out North America, Central America, South Amer ica, Asia-Pacific, Africa, the Middle East and Europe andRead MoreNike Marketing Analysis1427 Words   |  6 PagesBoustani Nike: Maintaining a Promotional Edge Nike’s initial product advertising strategy of using professional athletes for raising demand through word-of-mouth provided good publicity. However, its selective-demand advertising was mainly focused on high-priced shoes for traditional sports, and ignored newly developed market segments such as aerobics and extreme sports, and new trends such as brown shoes and casual footwear (Etzel, Walker, and Stanton). Nike launched a successful advertisingRead MoreNike Marketing Research2366 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿ Marketing Case Study: The Marketing Mix of Nike, Inc. BADM 370 15 April 2013 Executive Summary Nike, Inc.’s debut in the 1970’s was a milestone for the athletic industry. Starting with a simple of objective of selling affordable, quality athletic footwear, Nike has undergone an incredible transformation over the years into a dominating sporting goods company due to an efficient marketing mix. Today, Nike has reachedRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Nike And Nike846 Words   |  4 Pagesfan or a person that has never played a sport in their lives. When I optically discern that check logo I ken it can only be one company. That company is Nike.Now Nike is arguably one of the most recognizable clothing or sportswear companies in the world. Strangely enough out of the fifty-one plus years they don’t have their own magazine. Nike sends their business to the best outlet as far as shoes, sportswear and equipment which is Eastbay. Eastbay is most popular for being an online catalog.As farRead MoreNike Marketing Stragety3323 Words   |  14 Pagesstrategy are used in different corporations. Nike has achieved greatness due to their forms of strategy. Nike is known as the top seller of sports shoes and apparel. In such a competitive field, this is close to excellence. To do well in this field requires many inventive and resourceful advertisements and marketing skills. Nike has accomplished this through their great commercials, and other forms of marketing. In this paper, I will define strategy and show Nike s forms of strategy and how their techniquesRead MoreThe Marketing Strategy Of Nike2833 Words   |  12 Pagesfor example Nike are very efficient in the selling of sports trainers and clothing as the existing market always buy these products. Product development: is when a business produces a new product that is aimed the existing market, to befit the customers that have different desires. This is beneficial to businesses as it increases their overall sales in addition expanding their range of products. Nike redesigned their branding strategy by using terms such as Nike ID, Nike+ and nike5. Nike ID enablesRead MoreNike Marketing Report2495 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿An Analysis and Evaluation of the Digital Marketing Strategies adopted by Nike Incorporated Table of Contents Executive Summary Introduction To Nike Main report – Use of Digital Branding Marketing Mix Examples of Nikes Digital Based Marketing Mobile Markets Pay-per Click and Search Engine Optimization Conclusion References Read MoreNike Marketing Strategy7428 Words   |  30 PagesDescription of marketing strategies applied by Nike Air Force 4.1 Challenges Forcing Nike to Focus More on Marketing Sportswear is defined primarily as apparel and footwear made for sports participation, though is now also includes casual clothes worn by people for daily activities (E. Ko, C. R. Taylor, et al., 2012). The sportswear market is one of the most price-competitive markets throughout the globe. Within the UK, items of sportswear are purchased by almost 90% of people under 35 years of

common problems for college students - 2118 Words

Common Problems for College Students Problems May Include, But are Not Limited to: Disorganization/feeling overwhelmed Eating right and staying healthy Failing to manage money Failing to network Homesickness Not resolving relationship issues Poor grades/not studying or reading enough Poor sleep habits Skipping classes Wasting time/procrastinating Interventions: The following tips are for students to help themselves avoid some of the negative affects of these problems. While these issues are certainly not exhaustive, many college students will be affected by a number of them during their college experience. Reducing feelings of homesickness may be difficult for some but may be accomplished by remaining on campus during the†¦show more content†¦While getting to know other students/faculty, establish deadlines for assignments that minimize your stress level. In as much as college is a time when many people feel overwhelmed with the requirements of life, don’t let this go on for long. Consider seeing a professional counselor to help you organize, prioritize and better manage the demands being placed upon you. Source : http://www.ipfw.edu/offices/family-outreach/for-parents-from-sap/commonproblemsforstudents.html Common Problems College Students Face - Overcoming Adversity Every college student wants their experience to be memorable, but in the right way. High school students envision their college years will be full of fun, new social encounters, new experiences, and fond memories. However, there are also many problems college students face throughout their years there, and how they deal with them is essential in their academic, emotional, physical, and social success. Here are some common problems and some possible solutions for working through them. Finances - One of the major challenges college students face is that of finances. Many students drop out prior to graduation because they cannot afford the cost. 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Mark Edmundson’s Critique Free Essays

Critique: Our Views of Online Education In Mark Edmundson’s article discussing online education, he makes many valid points about an online education short comings. His reaction, however, is based solely on traditional education and is limited to such online study. He focuses primarily on student teacher interaction and oftentimes states how such communication cannot be factored into online courses. We will write a custom essay sample on Mark Edmundson’s Critique or any similar topic only for you Order Now He argues that a large lecture course with face to face contact and student teacher dialogue benefits the student more; opposed to online courses with contrasting features. While this is valid, Edmundson does not consider that these issues can be worked around and that there are many pros to online education as well. Edmundson’s passage states teacher-student interaction is vital in obtaining an education. This particular form of contact has proven to keep students engaged in the learning process. Also, teacher-student interaction allows for teachers to monitor each individual students’ progressions and shortcomings throughout the course of study. In Edmundson’s article, he states that teachers should make it necessary to learn who their students are and adapt to their ways of learning as well as helping them grow. I strongly agree with this point of view. Many times, students who are having a hard time grasping studies find themselves somewhat bashful or embarrassed and become hesitant to speak up. This causes them to be outshined by others who may be more vocal and grasp the information quicker. Having that teacher-student connection with online education is extremely vital. Since you’re not studying in a traditional classroom, you’ll also miss having face time with other students. This can deprive you of important networking opportunities for your future career, as well as basic social interaction. The article states that Edmundson is adamant that in order for students to excel and obtain information, a teacher should be adaptive to their students learning style. Having real life courses are extremely helpful in this case. Individuals who are more comfortable with one on one meetings should totally be allotted the option of having a professor on hand to call on and meet with. Also, students who adapt more to group learning need real courses as well. Having course mates and interacting in open course discussions are great examples of the benefits of teacher-student interaction. It is also proven that students can; in fact, teach teachers. Open course discussions are the perfect time to share. When studying an appointed topic, some students go above and beyond the requirements and obtain additional knowledge that the teacher or students may or may not know. Edmundson makes several valid points about being opposed to online education. He speaks volumes about the pros of choosing a traditional, face to face education. In some ways, I agree with his argument that not having that interaction amongst the teacher and student kills the students chance of receiving fair education. However, I disagree with some other things he stated. What Edmundson fails to consider is the mere fact that online teachers carry the same capabilities as traditional teachers. Students’ progress can still be monitored, test and other assignments can still be administered and in the end, grades will still be obtained. Although there is no physical connection, the online teacher can still communicate and work online with their students’ via-email and lectures. The downside of email communication is that delay time in an answer being received. There are some online schools which have courses with virtual lectures or conference lectures which give an overall classroom feeling where there is dialogue. In my opinion, online college instructors gain access to students that is at least equal to the access to students of those instructors who are teaching courses in traditional colleges. Online colleges also serve as an alternative for some aspiring students who cannot attend traditional colleges. These may be students who have encountered hardships that eliminate their option to attend a traditional school. Online schools may, in this case, serve as an alternative; online college may be more convenient. Aspiring students seeking to pursue or further their education may be wrapped up in day to day chaos that enables them to reach a campus and online courses just may fit with their busy schedules. In some cases, lack of transportation may be a rendering factor as well. Another riveting factor may be monetary situations; online colleges may have courses that are more affordable than those of a traditional university. Edmundson’s article was captivating and indeed informative. He metaphorically spoke of a teacher being taught by a student which caught my attention. Had that teacher ever been that student? It’s a cycle that I’m sure will not end. A degree is in fact the goal. Whether it’s online schools or â€Å"real life† a degree is sought. Teachers and students, in my opinion, should at some point in time have some sort of physical communication but that is not that a vital source of learning. If an education is sought it can be obtained regardless of any physical contact. The source of education ultimately depends on the students drive and initiative. How to cite Mark Edmundson’s Critique, Essay examples

Relationship Between Public service Motivation

Question: Discuss about the Relationship Between Public service Motivation. Answer: Introduction: The underlying scenario represents the team management and an information technology administration in the organization Datacom. The scenario highlights the team that undertakes the project of HoloLens practice, where the entire team faces a challenge regarding their team collaboration and project. The company Datacom has provided their services since 1965 and is known for their successful digital transformation and technologically advanced project for the betterment of people and their living standard (Datacom.co.nz 2017). The team comprises of software developers, business analysts and the project managers and the problem arose when the managers received the credit for the accomplishment of the project. The team of the software developers complained that their have done lot of efforts that is not appreciated and the benefits that the organization received is mostly for the managers of the project. Emma Smith of 28 years works for the organization that is Datacom for 3 years and is working as a full-time software developer for many IT projects that the concerned company accomplished. She is selected for a crucial project of HoloLens practice with other 14 developers along with a team leader named Amy Jason, who is 35 years of age. Mason Taylor, 50 years is the project manager for the entire practice and liable for the presentation of the companys first real-world project in New Zealand. The manager also collaborated with outstanding presentation and communication with the Information Systems and Operations Management Department" of University of Auckland" and Auckland Museum. The developed projects attain huge success in its objectives like visualization to gesture, 3D holograms into the field of vision, speech recognition and its ability to view real-world objects through another person's HoloLens device from a remote location. The project manager, Mason Taylor, gives all these illustrations regarding the project and its use. Emma Smith noted that the project manager did not mention any of the developer's names and thus very unsatisfied with the event. She believed that without the hard work of the entire developing team, the project manager would not be able to achieve the success for the project. Even Greg Davidson, Datacom Systems Managing Director greeted the project manager for the success. However, Greg Davidson acknowledged the team leader for the accomplishment of one of the innovative projects. He also assures for the promotion and some executive pay to the team leader and project manager. In this scenario, the lack of acknowledgment of the entire developing team can be seen as they have put their effort and technological skills on the HoloLens practice. Apart from Emma Smith, Alice Reid, 30 years is also unhappy with the decision of the managing director as the developing team suggested the idea of the formulation of the concept app that targets the motor vehicle industry for selling cars without the need for a single vehicle sitting. The team leader did not highlight these efforts of developing a team to the project manager and managing director. The entire scenario thus represents the lack of acknowledgment, group dynamics and motivation for the next projects. This may be lead to the poor performance of the developers, future conflicts with the team leader to low employee retention. A critical analysis of the scenario Lazaroiu (2015) defines that the level of desireof an employee to work for the organization is known as motivation. Motivated employees not only engaged with their work by they also serve their best for the betterment of the organization and their satisfaction with the organization. Moreover, Marthouret and Sigvardsson (2016) also stated that motivation drives the productivity of the company and promotes self-discipline among the employees. It is also evident that if employees are motivated in the workplace, they will show continuous better performance by learning required skills that can drive the profitability of the concerned organization. Content theory - Alderfers ERG Theory Alderfers ERG theoryalso indicates the basics of the Maslow's theory that is physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, self-esteem needs and self-actualization needs. Pinder (2014) depict that in order to motivate the employee it is required to motivate them from more than one level at the same time compared to the Maslow's theory. Thus, the existence needs comprises of the physiological needs (basic needs food and shelter) and safety needs (job security and retention) of the Maslow's theory. In addition, relatedness need comprises of social needs (social acceptance and gatherings) and self-esteem needs (job recognition, acknowledgment from senior authorities); while the growth factors resemble the presence of self-esteem and self-actualization needs (financial and non-financial benefits) (Maslow 2013). It is thus, can be said that, according to the Alderfers ERG theory there is a lack of growth factors in the concerned organization, Datacom. Emma Smith and other developers of the HoloLens project feel unsatisfied from the behavior of their higher authorities. During the project, the team leader supports and directed them to accomplish the crucial program but after the event for the representation of the project, the rest of the team member did not receive any appreciation or benefits. Secondly, the managing director, Greg Davidson also appreciates the team leader but has not mentioned the team member. This may lead to de-motivation in further projects or less employee retention in the organization. This aspect thus, illustrated the lack of safety needs among employee, as the leaders do not highlight their effort to managing directors and especially to the project manager. Process theory - Adams equity theory Miner (2015) suggested that in the context of motivation, fairness in the working approach plays a crucial role. Even if employees do not get any financial and non-financial benefits, equity among all the working personnel irrespective of the designation and judging people based on the ability provides a sensation of motivation. Lee and Raschke (2016) moreover depicts that the equity theory can be applied by evaluating the output of the employees based on their loyalty, adaptability, hard work, flexibility, effort and enthusiasm towards the organization. In this given scenario, the equity is not followed. It can be seen from the scenario that Amy Jason, the team leader and Mason Taylor, the project manager does not give credit to the software developers team and thus, the team felt dissatisfied. Moreover, in the event, when the project manager and the managing director illustrate the projects and tits benefits to the local people, there was a lack of acknowledging. In addition, the managing director thanked the team but assured promotion and executive pay only to the team leaders and the project manager. Mentioning financial and non-financial benefits is not assured for the team members in the given scenario. Group Dynamics The concept of group dynamics resembles the situation of the behaviors and psychological processeswithin a team or a social group. Levi (2016) illustrates that in decision-making behavior and creating techniques that are innovative and effective can be ensured through group dynamics. Turner (2014) furthermore depicts that the leadership factors, personal factors and environmental factors are important aspects for a team's cohesion. The leadership skills comprise of the strategic thinking, collaborative style and communication skills; while of the personal factors majorly comprises of income, age and occupation (Obholzer 2016). On the other hand, the environmental factors in the team cohesion are the combination of the above two aspects. Moreover, Levi (2016) portrays that analyzing the group outcomes and individual outcomes also determines the environmental factors of the group dynamics. Leadership Factor- Turner (2014) stated that effective management skills and vision regarding a business goal drives the efficiency of the leadership of a managing authority. In the given scenario, it can be seen that the software developing team work collaboratively along with the team leader and the project manager. Moreover, it is also evident from the case scenario that the project manager of the Datacom for the HoloLens project only with the team leader and not with the team members. This is the prime reason; the project manager does not include the effort of the team members in the event. Thus, lack of communication skills is absent in terms with the developing team. Personal Factors- Salin and Hoel (2013) stated that income, age and occupation are the crucial factors that determine the personal factors. Jetten and Hornsey (2014) also affirm that the skills, knowledge and characteristics of an individual are important for group dynamics. In the given scenario, Emma Smith, Alice Reid, and others who are the team members of the HoloLens project seems to get more recognition in the workplace regarding their work, as they are desire to establish themselves as an efficient employee for their job security. Levi (2016) furthermore depicts that, the income of the individual depends on the recognition they receive regarding their work and thus the higher the recognition; the higher will be the financial benefit that they will receive. It is also evident that the managing director Greg Davidson, having experience regarding the business objective of Datacom and thus can evaluate whether the project of HoloLens has accomplished their goals of activities and depending on it Greg Davidson is liable to given acknowledgment to the desirable. However, in this scenario, only the effort of the team leader is appreciated thus, the absence of personal factor regarding the income factor is seen. Environmental Factors- This factor comprises of the evaluation of the team cohesion that relies on the group outcomes and individual outcomes. According to the scenario, only the group outcomes are highlighted but the individual outcomes are not mentioned by any of the members of the organization. Communication Communication plays a crucial role in the motivation of the employees. Zhang and Venkatesh (2013) depict that in order to distribute information and building an effective relationship between employees and managers, communication is important. The effective communication also ensures the knowledge sharing ability so that organizations employee can communicate with their higher authorities regarding a better alternative so that a project can be successfully accomplished. In the given scenario, the team members communicate with the team leader and this can be seen through their suggestion for the formulation of an application that can be used by the automobile industry. This innovative move, through which automobile retailer can sell their cars to customers. Customers can experience the interior of the car without being physically present and test a car. Additionally, the suggestion of the team leader results in the extraordinary results that are users can interact with a life-sized holographic car sitting in the front seatalong with the facility of listening to the engine. Moreover, it can also be seen that the project manager lacks in effective communication skills. The concerned person only communicates with the team leader regarding the progress of the project and not with the software developer team. This results in a lack of motivation as the team members cannot see equity in the organization and it may result in a poor interpersonal relationshi p with the higher authority. Another barrier is the absence of fraternization, which can be seen from the acknowledgment of the managing director to the project manager. Miller (2014) stated that it is not possible for every person to have knowledge in every aspect. The managing director of the organization is liable for aligning the organizational culture with the ability of the working personnel. This context is also absence in the scenario of the Datacom. The managing director of the organization only measure the outcome of the project and the benefit that the organization will get but he will not aware of the technical skills and efforts required for accomplishing the entire project. This results in inefficient communication among the organizations leader and the employees. This not only leads in inequity but also de-motivates the working personnel. Additionally, processing inefficiencies can also be the result that can be illustrated for the less communication of the project manager and the employee. Project manager directs communicate with the client and their orders, if the manager does not communicate with the employees directly, they cannot make the proper changes and amendments in the project as not every time the team leader understand the requirement of the client as directed by the project manager. Cherian and Jacob (2013) stated that an organization could attain effective business outcomes if all the employees are provided with proper recognition and opportunities not only for their personal development but also for accomplishing the organizational performance. Recommendation on motivation Recommendations Application in the workplace Personalized employee recognition during project Belle (2013) depicts that this innovative reward system encourages the employee to make short-term goals and achieve them in order to get rewards. These personalized rewards can be a couple of movie tickets, football ticket, gift certificates to shops or an extra leave to spend with family. In context with the provided scenario, team members should be offered these gifts on achieving short-term goals like the correct execution of the application coding, successful visualization of the gadgets and others. Enhancement in responsibility Gupta and Shaw (2014) depicts that every organization should provide a chance for the self-development of the employee. This allows the employee to show their potential on the desired work they are given. Belle (2013) furthermore portrays that, managing authorities should offer challenging roles and responsibility to the employee to assess whether they can manage in the crucial times. In the context of provided situation, the team leader should rely on efficient employee and offer them a chance to be the leader for a day so that the managing power of the employee can be evaluated. Communication Informal and formal communication plays a crucial role in motivating the employees. Formal communication can be official meetings and conference; while information can be gathering outside the office (Dasgupta 2013). In the given scenario, the project manager can take the developing team out for dinners or movie to enhance the interpersonal relationships and a feeling of equity. Table 1: Recommendation on motivation (Source: Created by Author) Recommendation on group dynamics Recommendations Application in the workplace Defining role and responsibility All the working personnel should know their roles and responsibility and a copy of the document have to be prepared that can be presented to the managing authority so that they can be aware of every member of the organization and their working progress (Cummings and Worley 2014). In the context of the given scenario, a checklist of the roles and responsibility of the individual team member should be given to the project manager and the managing director so that they can assure that the project is accomplished by everyones effort and can provide them recognition. Enhancing the problem solving ability Mone and London (2014) stated that it is crucial to identify the drawbacks of the current working procedure so that alternate ideas can be implemented for a better outcome. In the given case scenario, team leader on seeing that a member has adopted a behaviorthat is not fruitful for the project, effective measure like taking about their difficulty and requirement or suggesting them for an alternate way should be taken. Providing Feedback Marthouret and Sigvardsson (2016) mention that whether the outcome is positive and negative, it is important to provide feedback. His not only let the employee know regarding their performance also they feel motivated that their effort has been analyzed. In the given context, the team leader must assess the work of developing the team and celebrate the small achievement and give feedback on improving the failures. Table 2: Recommendation on Group Dynamics (Source: Created by Author) Recommendation on communication Recommendations Application in the workplace Implementation of communication tools Miller (2014) stated that an organization must implement new communication tools like video conferencing, bulletins, postings, and memos to enhance the communication with every member of the organization. In the context of the given scenario, video conferencing can be used during the working time in between the managing direct and the team members and a face-to-face communication of the project manager with the tea members so that effort of each software developer can be communicated. Meetings and unofficial gatherings Datacom must take their employee out for informal gatherings apart from business meetings to motivate them and to celebrate their achievements. Zhang and Venkatesh (2013) defines that employee can share their experience and share the knowledge during the projects that they have attained to enhance the friendship and understanding among them. Table 3: Recommendation on Communication (Source: Created by Author) Reference List Belle, N., 2013. Experimental evidence on the relationship between public service motivation and job performance. Public Administration Review, 73(1), pp.143-153. Cherian, J. and Jacob, J., 2013. Impact of self efficacy on motivation and performance of employees. International Journal of Business and Management, 8(14), p.80. Cummings, T.G. and Worley, C.G., 2014. Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Dasgupta, P.R., 2013. Volatility of workload on employee performance and significance of motivation: IT sector. International Journal of Applied Research And Studies (IJARS), ISSN: 2278-9480 Volume, 2. Datacom.co.nz., 2017. Home - Datacom. [online] Available at: https://datacom.co.nz/Home.aspx [Accessed 4 Jan. 2017]. Gupta, N. and Shaw, J.D., 2014. Employee compensation: The neglected area of HRM research. Human Resource Management Review, 24(1), pp.1-4 Jetten, J. and Hornsey, M.J., 2014. Deviance and dissent in groups. Annual review of psychology, 65, pp.461-485. Lazaroiu, G., 2015. Employee Motivation and Job Performance. Linguistic and Philosophical Investigations, (14), pp.97-102. Lee, M.T. and Raschke, R.L., 2016. Understanding employee motivation and organizational performance: Arguments for a set-theoretic approach. Journal of Innovation Knowledge. Levi, D., 2016. Group dynamics for teams. Sage Publications. Marthouret, E. and Sigvardsson, S., 2016. The effect of quick feedback on employee motivation and performance: A qualitative study on how to formulate effective feedback. Maslow, A.H., 2013. A theory of human motivation. Start Publishing LLC. Miller, K., 2014. Organizational communication: Approaches and processes. Nelson Education. Miner, J.B., 2015. Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. Mone, E.M. and London, M., 2014. Employee engagement through effective performance management: A practical guide for managers. Routledge. Obholzer, A., 2016. Group dynamics: What coaches and consultants need to watch out for. In Coach and Couch (pp. 29-40). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Pinder, C.C., 2014. Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press. Salin, D. and Hoel, H., 2013. Workplace bullying as a gendered phenomenon. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 28(3), pp.235-251. Turner, M.E., 2014. Groups at work: Theory and research. Psychology Press. Zhang, X. and Venkatesh, V., 2013. Explaining Employee Job Performance: The Role of Online and Offline Workplace Communication Networks. 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